There are three basic types of marine insurance: Hull and Machinery, Cargo, and Protection & Indemnity (P&I) insurance. This article is an overview of P&I and coverage concerns related to it. A P&I club is a mutual insurance association that provides risk pooling, information and representation for its members. Unlike a marine insurance company, which reports to its shareholders, a P&I club reports only to its members.
Refer to the SOLAS 1999/2000 Amend/ Chapter II-2/ regulation 9.2.3, for Cargo Ships except tankers one of the following methods of protection shall be adopted in accommodation and service spaces and control stations: Method IC, Method IIC, Method IIIC
Crude oil is a complex mixture of substances at varying ratios and in most cases contains at least some salt water. Even after desalination some of this brine remains dissolved in the crude and gradually sinks to the bottom of the cargo oil tank during transport. The corrosive nature of salt, along with microorganisms and other aggressive substances contained in the cargo oil, causes rust, most notably in the form of pitting, which are cavities in the steel that deepen over time.
A windlass used for handling anchors, suitable for the size of chain cable and complying with the Classification Society’s criteria is to be fitted to the ship. The design, construction and testing of windlasses are to conform to an acceptable standard or code of practice. To be considered acceptable, the standard or code of practice is to specify criteria for stresses, performance and testing.