The International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention (International Safety Management (ISM) Code) was adopted by the Organization by resolution A.741(18) and became mandatory by virtue of the entry into force on 1 July 1998 of SOLAS chapter IX on Management for the Safe Operation of Ships.
The purpose of this Code is to provide an international standard for the safe management and operation of ships and for pollution prevention.
The Indian Ocean Memorandum of Understanding (IOMOU) on port State control (PSC) in the Indian Ocean region was finalized on the basis of the first preparatory meeting held in India in October 1997 and the second meeting in June 1998 in South Africa. The port State control system aims to verify whether foreign flagged ships calling at a port of a State comply with applicable International Maritime Conventions.
There are three basic types of marine insurance: Hull and Machinery, Cargo, and Protection & Indemnity (P&I) insurance. This article is an overview of P&I and coverage concerns related to it. A P&I club is a mutual insurance association that provides risk pooling, information and representation for its members. Unlike a marine insurance company, which reports to its shareholders, a P&I club reports only to its members.